We introduce the idea that there exist exogenous restrictions in the number of knowledge-sharing licenses innovators can offer. Embodying licensing scarcity in a sequential innovation framework where innovators license under the threat of imitation, we argue that scarcity challenges conventional wisdom as: a) a drop in intellectual property protection can concomitantly lead to more competition and greater profits, and b) follow-on innovators, despite having to compensate the original innovator for using her technology, have comparably greater R&D incentives.
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